Before I begin. On my modest website that I dont have time to frequently update I collect some "calculators" for FuseBits.
Link to first calculator ->LINK
Link to the second calculator ->LINK
First of all you may need knowledge why is that a lot of options for clock.
It is because of needs and power supply.
If you have low important/demanding application with lazy power supply that rise voltage and current slowly then you should set maximum Start-up time
For example every external crystal attached above 8MHz -> Ect.Crystal Osc.;Freq 8.0- MHz;Start-up time :16K CK/14CK +65ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=11]
But when you must immediatelly take control over something powered up (think for example about automotive) then you should care of good power supply first and then you can shorting the time for uC to boot.
It is always good to set BODEN with choosen voltage value. It will hold uC in the reset state until voltage will guarante proper working conditions for it.
Some of the previous uC`s have CKOPT FuseBit. This should be checked if you attach crystal with freq above 8MHz. This is for "full swing" signal.
I saw this on my oscilloscope. Without it enabled clock signal is ~2,5V PkPk. When enabled - nearly rail to rail.
One may note that some uC`s have FuseBit CKDIV8 that ClockDivideBy8 and this is ALWAYS true. So even when someone switch into some external crystal/internal osc will divide your uC clock by 8. Then remember that programming clock cannot be faster than 1/4 of uC clock. So sometimes (if you haven't been warned ) you can lost a connection with the uC when your setting for programmer clock is higher than 1/4 of uC clock.
Also please always remember to disable JTAG on the new chip if it is equipped with and you don`t use it because it takeover controll with its dedicated pins.
Examples are Mega16, Mega32 ..
Realy odd uC is a Mega128. From stock/shipped you get enabled, by manufacture, FuseBit "M103C" Atmega103 Compatibility Mode.
You want to disable this for shure. Second thing odd in this uC is that SPI dont share same pins of ISP... but this is not the FuseBits topic.
So ... I dont know why Bascom dont allow (maybe) direct input and interpreting Fuses.
This can be handy for example-> I type "BF" for Low fuse and "DD" for High "FF" for Extended.
It should set JTAG=OFF, BODEN on 2.7V, M103C=OFF, Crystal above 8MHz
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) you can lost a connection with the uC when your setting for programmer clock is higher than 1/4 of uC clock.
