| View previous topic :: View next topic |
| Author |
Message |
Luciano
Joined: 29 Nov 2004
Posts: 3149
Location: Italy
|
 Posted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 1:13 am Post subject: Direct Digital Synthesis. (DDS) |
 |
|
Hi,
When I saw the original project I was fascinated...
http://www.myplace.nu/avr/minidds/
Luciano
| Code: |
' Direct Digital Synthesis. (DDS)
'
' See this tutorial about DDS:
' http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Tutorials/450968421DDS_Tutorial_rev12-2-99.pdf
'
'
' The author of the original code is Jesper Hansen.
' http://www.myplace.nu/avr/minidds/
'
' Modified for the Atmel AVR assembler by Leon Heller.
' http://www.geocities.com/leon_heller/minidds.html
'
' * * * * *
'
' Connected to PortB there is a resistor ladder (R2R).
' This is just one part of the original code.
' The original code will output sine, sawtooth, triangle. square.
' (See the above two links first).
'
' When you run this sample, on the output of the resistor ladder
' you will see a 1 kHz sine wave. (You will need a 11059200 crystal).
' If you use another AVR chip or if you change the code size you will have
' to recalculate how many bytes you will need in the table Dummy_data.
'
' Luciano, 3/18/2006
'
'
$regfile = "ATtiny2313.DAT"
$crystal = 11059200
$hwstack = 32
$swstack = 16
$framesize = 32
Config Portb = Output 'R2R ladder
$asm
' set pointer to table
ldi ZH, high (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
ldi ZL, low (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
' clear accumulator
ldi r29, $00 ' clear accumulator
ldi r28, $00 ' clear accumulator
' setup adder registers
' adder value for 10 Hz
' ldi r24,$88
' ldi r25,$00
' ldi r26,$00
' adder value for 100 Hz
' ldi r24,$55
' ldi r25,$05
' ldi r26,$00
' adder value for 1 kHz
ldi r24, $56
ldi r25, $35
ldi r26, $00
' adder value for 10 kHz
' ldi r24,$55
' ldi r25,$15
' ldi r26,$02 '
' adder value for 100 kHz
' ldi r24,$55
' ldi r25,$D5
' ldi r26,$14
' Output frequency (using 24 bit accumulator) :
'
' f = deltaPhase * fClock/2^24
'
' fClock is in this case the CPU clock divided by the
' number of cycles to output the data ( 9 cycles )
'
' f = r24/r25/r26 * (11059200/9)/16777216
'
' f = r24/r25/r26 * 0.073242188
'
' fMax (theoretical) = 0.5 * fClock
' ===================================================================
Loop1 :
add r28,r24 ' 1 cycle
adc r29,r25 ' 1 cycle
adc r30,r26 ' 1 cycle
lpm ' 3 cycles
Out Portb , R0 ' 1 cycle
rjmp Loop1 ' 2 cycles
' -----------------
' Total 9 cycles
'
' The above loop:
'
' r28,r29,r30 is the phase accumulator
' r24,r25,r26 is the adder value determining frequency
'
' add value to accumulator
' load byte from current table in ROM
' output byte to port
' repeat
' ====================================================================
$end Asm
End
Dummy_data :
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
' In this program the table MUST begin at 256 byte boundary and the previous
' dummy_data bytes are used to reach the boundary. In this sample we need 146
' bytes to reach 256 byte boundary. Use AVR Studio to find out how many bytes
' your code will need. (AVR Studio, Disassembler window).
'
' The boundaries are at (DEC) : 0, 256, 512, 768, 1024, 1280, 1536, 1792, 2048.......
' The boundaries are at (HEX) : 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800.......
' You can use any of these boundaries.
Sine_table :
'256 values
Data &H80 , &H83 , &H86 , &H89 , &H8C , &H8F , &H92 , &H95
Data &H98 , &H9C , &H9F , &HA2 , &HA5 , &HA8 , &HAB , &HAE
Data &HB0 , &HB3 , &HB6 , &HB9 , &HBC , &HBF , &HC1 , &HC4
Data &HC7 , &HC9 , &HCC , &HCE , &HD1 , &HD3 , &HD5 , &HD8
Data &HDA , &HDC , &HDE , &HE0 , &HE2 , &HE4 , &HE6 , &HE8
Data &HEA , &HEC , &HED , &HEF , &HF0 , &HF2 , &HF3 , &HF5
Data &HF6 , &HF7 , &HF8 , &HF9 , &HFA , &HFB , &HFC , &HFC
Data &HFD , &HFE , &HFE , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFE , &HFE
Data &HFD , &HFC , &HFC , &HFB , &HFA , &HF9 , &HF8 , &HF7
Data &HF6 , &HF5 , &HF3 , &HF2 , &HF0 , &HEF , &HED , &HEC
Data &HEA , &HE8 , &HE6 , &HE4 , &HE2 , &HE0 , &HDE , &HDC
Data &HDA , &HD8 , &HD5 , &HD3 , &HD1 , &HCE , &HCC , &HC9
Data &HC7 , &HC4 , &HC1 , &HBF , &HBC , &HB9 , &HB6 , &HB3
Data &HB0 , &HAE , &HAB , &HA8 , &HA5 , &HA2 , &H9F , &H9C
Data &H98 , &H95 , &H92 , &H8F , &H8C , &H89 , &H86 , &H83
Data &H80 , &H7C , &H79 , &H76 , &H73 , &H70 , &H6D , &H6A
Data &H67 , &H63 , &H60 , &H5D , &H5A , &H57 , &H54 , &H51
Data &H4F , &H4C , &H49 , &H46 , &H43 , &H40 , &H3E , &H3B
Data &H38 , &H36 , &H33 , &H31 , &H2E , &H2C , &H2A , &H27
Data &H25 , &H23 , &H21 , &H1F , &H1D , &H1B , &H19 , &H17
Data &H15 , &H13 , &H12 , &H10 , &H0F , &H0D , &H0C , &H0A
Data &H09 , &H08 , &H07 , &H06 , &H05 , &H04 , &H03 , &H03
Data &H02 , &H01 , &H01 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H01 , &H01
Data &H02 , &H03 , &H03 , &H04 , &H05 , &H06 , &H07 , &H08
Data &H09 , &H0A , &H0C , &H0D , &H0F , &H10 , &H12 , &H13
Data &H15 , &H17 , &H19 , &H1B , &H1D , &H1F , &H21 , &H23
Data &H25 , &H27 , &H2A , &H2C , &H2E , &H31 , &H33 , &H36
Data &H38 , &H3B , &H3E , &H40 , &H43 , &H46 , &H49 , &H4C
Data &H4F , &H51 , &H54 , &H57 , &H5A , &H5D , &H60 , &H63
Data &H67 , &H6A , &H6D , &H70 , &H73 , &H76 , &H79 , &H7C
|
Resistor ladder (R2R)
The 1 kHz sine wave on the R2R output:
(Click to enlarge the picture).
Last edited by Luciano on Thu May 03, 2007 8:41 pm; edited 1 time in total |
|
| Back to top |
|
 |
davidapex
Joined: 12 Mar 2006
Posts: 42
Location: Auckland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 2:59 am Post subject: |
|
|
Hello Luciano,
Many thanks for posting your code for the DDS.
I also have played with simple DDS but my background is with Pics and I am total beginner to AVR.
I just posted some early code under "Sine table" (Bascom-AVR) as I had noise on my waveform and resorted to fitting LCD to read data values going to port d. I since found the simulator -very nice!.
I think you hve answered my problem - my table screws up badly at value 241 of 256 so I suspect your caution of crossing a boundary may be the reason. I would never have found this myself.
Is it possible to use the manual programme function to look at the code and determine where the table is sitting and then add padding values to shift it to a starting point?
Thanks again.
Cheers,
David |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
AdrianJ
Joined: 16 Jan 2006
Posts: 2483
Location: Queensland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 5:31 am Post subject: |
|
|
I started with this code too, and soon realised that its even better to preload all the values into a table in RAM, then cycle through them there. Access from RAM is only 1 clock cycle, rather than the 3 needed for an lpm. Also you can specify where the RAM varaibles are by using something like
dim Wavetable(256) as byte at $100
this ensures they are on a page boundary, making the assembly code even easier - you only have to increment 1 register to get the next address.
To get the wavetable from ROM:
restore sinetable
for wPhase = 1 to 256
read WaveTable(wPhase)
next wPhase
I also decided to use an MAX5102 DAC for the output. it allows 2 channels, so you can have stereo, and is a 1 chip solution, rather than a bunch of resistors followed by an opamp.
_________________
Adrian Jansen
Computer language is a framework for creativity |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Luciano
Joined: 29 Nov 2004
Posts: 3149
Location: Italy
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 10:32 am Post subject: |
|
|
Hi,
The original project was using an AT90S2313 with 128 bytes of SRAM.
Yes, if the AVR chip you are using has more than 256 bytes of SRAM then
load the table in SRAM as Adrian is suggesting.
(The ATmega48 has 512 bytes of SRAM and is cheap).
* * *
| Quote: |
Is it possible to use the manual programme function to look at the code
and determine where the table is sitting and then add padding values to
shift it to a starting point? |
Make sure the Bascom "AVR Studio Object file" is selected.
(Bascom AVR menu Options\Compiler\Output).
Compile the program with Bascom AVR.
In the Atmel AVR studio (free tool from Atmel) go to the menu
"File" and open the Bascom file your_file_name.OBJ.
After you select the object file, AVR Studio asks for a file name
for the project. (Just press Save).
A window will open. Select "AVR Simulator" as debug platform and
the AVR chip you are using from the list on the right.
Press the button "Finish" and AVR Studio will open the project.
From the AVR Studio menu "View" select "Disassembler" and
you will see the disassembled code. (See below an extract).
In this example the table "Sine_table" is located
at the first 256 byte boundary. (HEX 100).
| Code: |
40: ldi ZH,high (Sine_table * 2)
+00000028: E0F1 LDI R31,0x01 '0x01 is the address high byte
ldi ZL,low (Sine_table * 2)
+00000029: E0E0 LDI R30,0x00 '0x00 is the address low byte
|
If you don't see the address of a 256 byte boundary, (0, 100, 200, 300,
400, 500, 600, 700, 800, ...) then add or remove bytes in the table Dummy_data.
Best regards,
Luciano
Sub-low cost R2R hardware:
Last edited by Luciano on Thu May 03, 2007 8:44 pm; edited 1 time in total |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
davidapex
Joined: 12 Mar 2006
Posts: 42
Location: Auckland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 12:29 pm Post subject: |
|
|
Hi Luciano,
I copied your code, changed the device type and output port and bingo....well , not quite but as soon as I adjusted the padding values it all looked very nice.
I found I could view the flash code in the Bascom Programmer by using manual mode and after a couple of adjustments it was starting at the boundary.
I will also try placing the table in RAM as you and Adrian have suggested.
Nice R2R ladder! I was fortunate to get a couple of Dale R2R ladders in 10 pin SIP - very handy little part but yes they do need to be buffered to be useful.
When playing with Pics I found I could run 2 accumulators and their respective phase increment values and output two frequencies by using two 4 bit ports. You could also do quadrature phases of the same frequency. I never had an application for DDS but it always seemed like an interesting concept to get your head around.
Cheers,
David |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
davidapex
Joined: 12 Mar 2006
Posts: 42
Location: Auckland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 25, 2006 12:20 am Post subject: DDS (again) |
|
|
Hi All,
After having a play with the code I would like to add other wave tables (as per original article) but would like to select them following an interrupt and a Basic routine.
Can I replace the following assembler code with Basic?
' set pointer to table
ldi ZH,high (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
ldi ZL,low (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
As I understand it the only fast routine needs to be the Loop1 code (9 cycles) and all other code could run under Basic so I was thinking an interrupt that breaks the loop and jumps to a wave table and frequency selection routine should be OK.
Cheers,
David |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
AdrianJ
Joined: 16 Jan 2006
Posts: 2483
Location: Queensland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 25, 2006 1:35 am Post subject: |
|
|
You can do what you want in Basic. What you need to do is get the address of the wavetable into Z.
Define a word variable in ram:
dim wWaveAddress as word
Then change that bit of code into
lds zl,{low wWaveAddress)
lds zh,{high wWaveAddress}
then the routine will pick up the numbers you have put in wWaveAddess and use them to set the start of the wavetable.
So in Basic you just set the variable wWaveAddress to point anywhere in the Flash
eg
wWaveAddress = &h3e00
and of course you can change it anytime you want.
_________________
Adrian Jansen
Computer language is a framework for creativity |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
davidapex
Joined: 12 Mar 2006
Posts: 42
Location: Auckland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 25, 2006 5:28 am Post subject: |
|
|
Hello Adrian,
Many thanks for the "pointers". (v small joke)
Will give it a go tonight.
Cheers,
David |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
davidapex
Joined: 12 Mar 2006
Posts: 42
Location: Auckland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 25, 2006 6:55 am Post subject: |
|
|
Hello Adrian,
Have I screwed up here?
dim tableloc as word 'var for location of Sin_table
'******wave select********"
tableloc = &H0200 'sine table=&H0200, tri table=&H0300,.....
$asm
lds zl , {low tableloc}
lds zh , {high tableloc}
It compiles with errors on both the last lines "Error 5 - No more space for bit"
What have I missed?
Cheers,
David |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
DToolan
Joined: 14 Aug 2004
Posts: 1384
Location: Dallas / Fort Worth, Texas (USA)
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 25, 2006 6:25 pm Post subject: |
|
|
Bascom has a helper function to do that for you...
| Code: | LOADADR tableloc, Z |
|
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Luciano
Joined: 29 Nov 2004
Posts: 3149
Location: Italy
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 25, 2006 7:14 pm Post subject: |
|
|
Hi,
LOADADR loads the address of a variable into a register pair.
I don't think you can use it to load the content of a variable.
Just use assembly and let the compiler calculate the address.
ldi ZH,high (Sawtooth * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
ldi ZL,low (Sawtooth * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
Luciano |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
davidapex
Joined: 12 Mar 2006
Posts: 42
Location: Auckland
|
| Posted: Sat Mar 25, 2006 11:05 pm Post subject: |
|
|
Hi guys,
I'm not going well here. How do I use Basic to pass the various wave table start addresses to the assembler routine?
e.g. In the following, how do I change Sawtooth to Sine, Square etc
di ZH,high (Sawtooth * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
ldi ZL,low (Sawtooth * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
Ultimately I would like to sense a pin and change the waveform accordingly.
BTW Just found someone else playing with DDS but using a Silicon Labs micro with an on-board 12bit DAC - nice!
Cheers,
David |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Luciano
Joined: 29 Nov 2004
Posts: 3149
Location: Italy
|
| Posted: Sun Mar 26, 2006 12:15 am Post subject: |
|
|
Hi,
See Help file "Mixing ASM and BASIC".
Luciano
...
...
...
basic code ...
basic code ...
basic code ...
$asm
assembly code...
assembly code...
assembly code...
$end Asm
basic code ...
basic code ...
basic code ...
basic code ...
$asm
assembly code...
assembly code...
assembly code...
$end Asm
basic code ...
basic code ...
basic code ...
basic code ...
...
...
(Click to enlarge)
Last edited by Luciano on Thu May 03, 2007 8:51 pm; edited 2 times in total |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
davidapex
Joined: 12 Mar 2006
Posts: 42
Location: Auckland
|
| Posted: Sun Mar 26, 2006 12:12 pm Post subject: |
|
|
Hello Luciano,
I'm familiar with the in-line assembler as it very similar to the Pic in-line assembler that I'm more comfortable with.
I'm still not following how to pass the different table locations to the assembler routine so will need to read up on this a bit more.
In the mean time I can have an assembler programme for each waveform and select which one I run from Basic. A bit clunky but the code overhead is minimal.
BTW Nice keypad!
Cheers,
David |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Luciano
Joined: 29 Nov 2004
Posts: 3149
Location: Italy
|
| Posted: Sun Mar 26, 2006 7:58 pm Post subject: |
|
|
Hi David,
With the code below you can change the DDS output signal
from within an interrupt routine. The sample below uses INT0.
(I don't have any code for the device of my previous post, it was just an idea).
Best regards,
Luciano
| Code: |
' Direct Digital Synthesis. (DDS)
'
' See this tutorial about DDS:
' http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Tutorials/450968421DDS_Tutorial_rev12-2-99.pdf
'
' The author of the original code was Jesper Hansen.
' http://www.myplace.nu/avr/minidds/
'
' Modified for the Atmel AVR assembler by Leon Heller.
' http://www.geocities.com/leon_heller/minidds.html
'
' * * * * *
'
' Connected to PortB there is a resistor ladder (R2R).
' This is just one part of the original code, see above links.
'
' When your run this sample, on the output of the resistor ladder
' you will see a 1 kHz sine wave. (You will need a 11059200 crystal).
'
' Connect a push button to GND and to the INT0 pin. When the interrupt
' occurs, the output signal of the DDS will change as following:
'
' Sine 1 kHz > Square 2 kHz > Triangle 3 kHz > Sawtooth 4 kHz > back to Sine
'
' If you use another AVR chip or if you change the code size you will have
' to recalculate how many bytes you will need in the table Dummy_data.
'
' Luciano, 3/26/2006
'
'
$regfile = "ATtiny2313.DAT"
$crystal = 11059200
$hwstack = 32
$swstack = 16
$framesize = 32
Config Portb = Output 'R2R ladder
Config Int0 = Falling
On Int0 Int0_isr Nosave ' Must use NOSAVE
Set Portd.2 'Enable internal pull-up resistor on INT0 pin
Dim Toggle_counter As Byte
Dim Adder_bits_0_7 As Byte
Dim Adder_bits_8_15 As Byte
Dim Adder_bits_16_23 As Byte
Enable Int0
Enable Interrupts
$asm
' set pointer to table
ldi ZH, high (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
ldi ZL, low (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
' clear accumulator
ldi r29, $00 ' clear accumulator
ldi r28, $00 ' clear accumulator
' adder value for 1 kHz
ldi r24, $55
ldi r25, $35
ldi r26, $00
' ===================================================================
Main_loop :
add r28,r24 ' 1 cycle
adc r29,r25 ' 1 cycle
adc r30,r26 ' 1 cycle
lpm ' 3 cycles
Out Portb , R0 ' 1 cycle
rjmp Main_loop ' 2 cycles
' -----------------
Total 9 cycles
' ====================================================================
$end Asm
End
'***************************************************
'Interrupt routine
'Your Bascom Basic code goes in this Interrupt routine.
Int0_isr :
Disable Int0
Waitms 250 ' wait for contacts debouncing
Incr Toggle_counter
If Toggle_counter = 4 Then
Toggle_counter = 0
End If
If Toggle_counter = 0 Then
'We set the variables for 2 kHz
Adder_bits_0_7 = &H55
Adder_bits_8_15 = &H35
Adder_bits_16_23 = &H00
'Must be last two instructions in this IF
!ldi ZH, high (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
!ldi ZL, low (Sine_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
End If
If Toggle_counter = 1 Then
'We set the variables for 2 kHz
Adder_bits_0_7 = &HAA
Adder_bits_8_15 = &H6A
Adder_bits_16_23 = &H00
'Must be last two instructions in this IF
!ldi ZH, high (Square_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
!ldi ZL, low (Square_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
End If
If Toggle_counter = 2 Then
'We set the variables for 3 kHz
Adder_bits_0_7 = &HFF
Adder_bits_8_15 = &H9F
Adder_bits_16_23 = &H00
'Must be last two instructions in this IF
!ldi ZH, high (Triangle_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
!ldi ZL, low (Triangle_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
End If
If Toggle_counter = 3 Then
'We set the variables for 4 kHz
Adder_bits_0_7 = &H55
Adder_bits_8_15 = &HD5
Adder_bits_16_23 = &H00
'Must be last two instructions in this IF
!ldi ZH, high (Sawtooth_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer hi
!ldi ZL, low (Sawtooth_table * 2) ' setup Z pointer lo
End If
Set EIFR.6 ' clear Int0 flag set by contacts bouncing.
' See the datasheet of your AVR for the location of the "External Interrupt Flag"
!ldi r29, $00 ' clear accumulator
!ldi r28, $00 ' clear accumulator
Loadadr Adder_bits_0_7 , X 'load the address of the variable into R26 and R27 (X)
!ld r24, X 'load the value of the variable into R24
Loadadr Adder_bits_8_15 , X 'load the address ofthe variable into R26 and R27 (X)
!ld r25, X 'load the value of the variable into R25
Loadadr Adder_bits_16_23 , X 'load the address of the variable into R26 and R27 (X)
!ld r26, X 'load the value of the variable into R26
Enable Int0
Return
'***************************************************
Dummy_data :
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10
Data 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
' In this program the tables MUST begin at 256 byte boundary and the previous
' dummy_data bytes are used to reach the boundary. In this sample we need 184
' bytes to reach the boundary. Use AVR Studio to find out how many bytes
' your code will needs. (AVR Studio, Disassembler window).
'
' The boundaries are at (DEC) : 0, 256, 512, 768, 1024, 1280, 1536, 1792, 2048.......
' The boundaries are at (HEX) : 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800.......
' You can use any of these boundaries.
Sine_table :
'256 values
Data &H80 , &H83 , &H86 , &H89 , &H8C , &H8F , &H92 , &H95
Data &H98 , &H9C , &H9F , &HA2 , &HA5 , &HA8 , &HAB , &HAE
Data &HB0 , &HB3 , &HB6 , &HB9 , &HBC , &HBF , &HC1 , &HC4
Data &HC7 , &HC9 , &HCC , &HCE , &HD1 , &HD3 , &HD5 , &HD8
Data &HDA , &HDC , &HDE , &HE0 , &HE2 , &HE4 , &HE6 , &HE8
Data &HEA , &HEC , &HED , &HEF , &HF0 , &HF2 , &HF3 , &HF5
Data &HF6 , &HF7 , &HF8 , &HF9 , &HFA , &HFB , &HFC , &HFC
Data &HFD , &HFE , &HFE , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFE , &HFE
Data &HFD , &HFC , &HFC , &HFB , &HFA , &HF9 , &HF8 , &HF7
Data &HF6 , &HF5 , &HF3 , &HF2 , &HF0 , &HEF , &HED , &HEC
Data &HEA , &HE8 , &HE6 , &HE4 , &HE2 , &HE0 , &HDE , &HDC
Data &HDA , &HD8 , &HD5 , &HD3 , &HD1 , &HCE , &HCC , &HC9
Data &HC7 , &HC4 , &HC1 , &HBF , &HBC , &HB9 , &HB6 , &HB3
Data &HB0 , &HAE , &HAB , &HA8 , &HA5 , &HA2 , &H9F , &H9C
Data &H98 , &H95 , &H92 , &H8F , &H8C , &H89 , &H86 , &H83
Data &H80 , &H7C , &H79 , &H76 , &H73 , &H70 , &H6D , &H6A
Data &H67 , &H63 , &H60 , &H5D , &H5A , &H57 , &H54 , &H51
Data &H4F , &H4C , &H49 , &H46 , &H43 , &H40 , &H3E , &H3B
Data &H38 , &H36 , &H33 , &H31 , &H2E , &H2C , &H2A , &H27
Data &H25 , &H23 , &H21 , &H1F , &H1D , &H1B , &H19 , &H17
Data &H15 , &H13 , &H12 , &H10 , &H0F , &H0D , &H0C , &H0A
Data &H09 , &H08 , &H07 , &H06 , &H05 , &H04 , &H03 , &H03
Data &H02 , &H01 , &H01 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H01 , &H01
Data &H02 , &H03 , &H03 , &H04 , &H05 , &H06 , &H07 , &H08
Data &H09 , &H0A , &H0C , &H0D , &H0F , &H10 , &H12 , &H13
Data &H15 , &H17 , &H19 , &H1B , &H1D , &H1F , &H21 , &H23
Data &H25 , &H27 , &H2A , &H2C , &H2E , &H31 , &H33 , &H36
Data &H38 , &H3B , &H3E , &H40 , &H43 , &H46 , &H49 , &H4C
Data &H4F , &H51 , &H54 , &H57 , &H5A , &H5D , &H60 , &H63
Data &H67 , &H6A , &H6D , &H70 , &H73 , &H76 , &H79 , &H7C
Square_table :
'256 values
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00 , &H00
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Data &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF , &HFF
Triangle_table :
'256 values
Data &H00 , &H02 , &H04 , &H06 , &H08 , &H0A , &H0C , &H0E
Data &H10 , &H12 , &H14 , &H16 , &H18 , &H1A , &H1C , &H1E
Data &H20 , &H22 , &H24 , &H26 , &H28 , &H2A , &H2C , &H2E
Data &H30 , &H32 , &H34 , &H36 , &H38 , &H3A , &H3C , &H3E
Data &H40 , &H42 , &H44 , &H46 , &H48 , &H4A , &H4C , &H4E
Data &H50 , &H52 , &H54 , &H56 , &H58 , &H5A , &H5C , &H5E
Data &H60 , &H62 , &H64 , &H66 , &H68 , &H6A , &H6C , &H6E
Data &H70 , &H72 , &H74 , &H76 , &H78 , &H7A , &H7C , &H7E
Data &H80 , &H82 , &H84 , &H86 , &H88 , &H8A , &H8C , &H8E
Data &H90 , &H92 , &H94 , &H96 , &H98 , &H9A , &H9C , &H9E
Data &HA0 , &HA2 , &HA4 , &HA6 , &HA8 , &HAA , &HAC , &HAE
Data &HB0 , &HB2 , &HB4 , &HB6 , &HB8 , &HBA , &HBC , &HBE
Data &HC0 , &HC2 , &HC4 , &HC6 , &HC8 , &HCA , &HCC , &HCE
Data &HD0 , &HD2 , &HD4 , &HD6 , &HD8 , &HDA , &HDC , &HDE
Data &HE0 , &HE2 , &HE4 , &HE6 , &HE8 , &HEA , &HEC , &HEE
Data &HF0 , &HF2 , &HF4 , &HF6 , &HF8 , &HFA , &HFC , &HFE
Data &HFF , &HFD , &HFB , &HF9 , &HF7 , &HF5 , &HF3 , &HF1
Data &HEF , &HEF , &HEB , &HE9 , &HE7 , &HE5 , &HE3 , &HE1
Data &HDF , &HDD , &HDB , &HD9 , &HD7 , &HD5 , &HD3 , &HD1
Data &HCF , &HCF , &HCB , &HC9 , &HC7 , &HC5 , &HC3 , &HC1
Data &HBF , &HBD , &HBB , &HB9 , &HB7 , &HB5 , &HB3 , &HB1
Data &HAF , &HAF , &HAB , &HA9 , &HA7 , &HA5 , &HA3 , &HA1
Data &H9F , &H9D , &H9B , &H99 , &H97 , &H95 , &H93 , &H91
Data &H8F , &H8F , &H8B , &H89 , &H87 , &H85 , &H83 , &H81
Data &H7F , &H7D , &H7B , &H79 , &H77 , &H75 , &H73 , &H71
Data &H6F , &H6F , &H6B , &H69 , &H67 , &H65 , &H63 , &H61
Data &H5F , &H5D , &H5B , &H59 , &H57 , &H55 , &H53 , &H51
Data &H4F , &H4F , &H4B , &H49 , &H47 , &H45 , &H43 , &H41
Data &H3F , &H3D , &H3B , &H39 , &H37 , &H35 , &H33 , &H31
Data &H2F , &H2F , &H2B , &H29 , &H27 , &H25 , &H23 , &H21
Data &H1F , &H1D , &H1B , &H19 , &H17 , &H15 , &H13 , &H11
Data &H0F , &H0F , &H0B , &H09 , &H07 , &H05 , &H03 , &H01
Sawtooth_table :
'256 values
Data &H00 , &H01 , &H02 , &H03 , &H04 , &H05 , &H06 , &H07
Data &H08 , &H09 , &H0A , &H0B , &H0C , &H0D , &H0E , &H0F
Data &H10 , &H11 , &H12 , &H13 , &H14 , &H15 , &H16 , &H17
Data &H18 , &H19 , &H1A , &H1B , &H1C , &H1D , &H1E , &H1F
Data &H20 , &H21 , &H22 , &H23 , &H24 , &H25 , &H26 , &H27
Data &H28 , &H29 , &H2A , &H2B , &H2C , &H2D , &H2E , &H2F
Data &H30 , &H31 , &H32 , &H33 , &H34 , &H35 , &H36 , &H37
Data &H38 , &H39 , &H3A , &H3B , &H3C , &H3D , &H3E , &H3F
Data &H40 , &H41 , &H42 , &H43 , &H44 , &H45 , &H46 , &H47
Data &H48 , &H49 , &H4A , &H4B , &H4C , &H4D , &H4E , &H4F
Data &H50 , &H51 , &H52 , &H53 , &H54 , &H55 , &H56 , &H57
Data &H58 , &H59 , &H5A , &H5B , &H5C , &H5D , &H5E , &H5F
Data &H60 , &H61 , &H62 , &H63 , &H64 , &H65 , &H66 , &H67
Data &H68 , &H69 , &H6A , &H6B , &H6C , &H6D , &H6E , &H6F
Data &H70 , &H71 , &H72 , &H73 , &H74 , &H75 , &H76 , &H77
Data &H78 , &H79 , &H7A , &H7B , &H7C , &H7D , &H7E , &H7F
Data &H80 , &H81 , &H82 , &H83 , &H84 , &H85 , &H86 , &H87
Data &H88 , &H89 , &H8A , &H8B , &H8C , &H8D , &H8E , &H8F
Data &H90 , &H91 , &H92 , &H93 , &H94 , &H95 , &H96 , &H97
Data &H98 , &H99 , &H9A , &H9B , &H9C , &H9D , &H9E , &H9F
Data &HA0 , &HA1 , &HA2 , &HA3 , &HA4 , &HA5 , &HA6 , &HA7
Data &HA8 , &HA9 , &HAA , &HAB , &HAC , &HAD , &HAE , &HAF
Data &HB0 , &HB1 , &HB2 , &HB3 , &HB4 , &HB5 , &HB6 , &HB7
Data &HB8 , &HB9 , &HBA , &HBB , &HBC , &HBD , &HBE , &HBF
Data &HC0 , &HC1 , &HC2 , &HC3 , &HC4 , &HC5 , &HC6 , &HC7
Data &HC8 , &HC9 , &HCA , &HCB , &HCC , &HCD , &HCE , &HCF
Data &HD0 , &HD1 , &HD2 , &HD3 , &HD4 , &HD5 , &HD6 , &HD7
Data &HD8 , &HD9 , &HDA , &HDB , &HDC , &HDD , &HDE , &HDF
Data &HE0 , &HE1 , &HE2 , &HE3 , &HE4 , &HE5 , &HE6 , &HE7
Data &HE8 , &HE9 , &HEA , &HEB , &HEC , &HED , &HEE , &HEF
Data &HF0 , &HF1 , &HF2 , &HF3 , &HF4 , &HF5 , &HF6 , &HF7
Data &HF8 , &HF9 , &HFA , &HFB , &HFC , &HFD , &HFE , &HFF |
--
Last edited by Luciano on Mon Mar 27, 2006 1:14 pm; edited 2 times in total |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
|
|
You cannot post new topics in this forum
You cannot reply to topics in this forum
You cannot edit your posts in this forum
You cannot delete your posts in this forum
You cannot vote in polls in this forum
You cannot attach files in this forum
You cannot download files in this forum
|
|
FAQ
Search
Register
Log in
